Python中Scrapy+adbapi提高數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)寫入效率實(shí)現(xiàn)
一:twisted中的adbapi
數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)pymysql的commit()和execute()在提交數(shù)據(jù)時(shí),都是同步提交至數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),由于scrapy框架數(shù)據(jù)的解析和異步多線程的,所以scrapy的數(shù)據(jù)解析速度,要遠(yuǎn)高于數(shù)據(jù)的寫入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的速度。如果數(shù)據(jù)寫入過慢,會(huì)造成數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)寫入的阻塞,影響數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)寫入的效率。
使用twisted異步IO框架,實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的異步寫入,通過多線程異步的形式對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行寫入,可以提高數(shù)據(jù)的寫入速度。
1.1 兩個(gè)主要方法
adbapi.ConnectionPool:
創(chuàng)建一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接池對(duì)象,其中包括多個(gè)連接對(duì)象,每個(gè)連接對(duì)象在獨(dú)立的線程中工作。adbapi只是提供了異步訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的編程框架,再其內(nèi)部依然使MySQLdb這樣的庫(kù)訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。
dbpool.runInteraction(do_insert,item):
異步調(diào)用do_insert函數(shù),dbpool會(huì)選擇連接池中的一個(gè)連接對(duì)象在獨(dú)立線程中調(diào)用insert_db,其中參數(shù)item會(huì)被傳給do_insert的第二個(gè)參數(shù),傳給do_insert的第一個(gè)參數(shù)是一個(gè)Transaction對(duì)象,其接口與Cursor對(duì)象類似,可以調(diào)用execute方法執(zhí)行SQL語句,do_insert執(zhí)行后,連接對(duì)象會(huì)自動(dòng)調(diào)用commit方法
1.2 使用實(shí)例
from twisted.enterprise import adbapi
# 初始化數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接池(線程池)
# 參數(shù)一:mysql的驅(qū)動(dòng)
# 參數(shù)二:連接mysql的配置信息
dbpool = adbapi.ConnectionPool('pymysql', **params)
# 參數(shù)1:在異步任務(wù)中要執(zhí)行的函數(shù)insert_db; # 參數(shù)2:給該函數(shù)insert_db傳遞的參數(shù) query = self.dbpool.runInteraction(self.do_insert, item)
# 在execute()之后,不需要再進(jìn)行commit(),連接池內(nèi)部會(huì)進(jìn)行提交的操作。 def do_insert(self, cursor, item): insert_sql = """ insert into qa_sample( need_id, need_question_uptime, need_title, need_title_describe, need_answer_uptime, need_answer) values (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s) """ params = (item['need_id'], item['need_question_uptime'], item['need_title'], item['need_title_describe'], item['need_answer_uptime'], item['need_answer']) cursor.execute(insert_sql, params)
二:結(jié)合scrapy中的pipelines
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from twisted.enterprise import adbapi
import pymysql
# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
class QaSpiderPipeline(object):
def process_item(self, item, spider):
return item
class MysqlTwistedPipeline(object):
def __init__(self, dbpool):
self.dbpool = dbpool
@classmethod
def from_settings(cls, settings):
dbparams = dict(
host=settings['MYSQL_HOST'],
db=settings['MYSQL_DBNAME'],
user=settings['MYSQL_USER'],
passwd=settings['MYSQL_PASSWORD'],
charset='utf8',
cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor,
use_unicode=True
)
dbpool = adbapi.ConnectionPool('pymysql', **dbparams)
return cls(dbpool)
def process_item(self, item, spider):
query = self.dbpool.runInteraction(self.do_insert, item)
def do_insert(self, cursor, item):
insert_sql = """
insert into qa_sample(
need_id,
need_question_uptime,
need_title,
need_title_describe,
need_answer_uptime,
need_answer)
values (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)
"""
params = (item['need_id'],
item['need_question_uptime'],
item['need_title'],
item['need_title_describe'],
item['need_answer_uptime'],
item['need_answer'])
cursor.execute(insert_sql, params)
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