Pytest+request+Allure實現(xiàn)接口自動化框架
:
接口自動化是指模擬程序接口層面的自動化,由于接口不易變更,維護成本更小,所以深受各大公司的喜愛。
接口自動化包含2個部分,功能性的接口自動化測試和并發(fā)接口自動化測試。
本次文章著重介紹第一種,功能性的接口自動化框架。
一、簡單介紹
環(huán)境:Mac、Python 3,Pytest,Allure,Request
pytest==3.6.0 pytest-allure-adaptor==1.7.10(棄用) pytest-rerunfailures==5.0 configparser==3.5.0 PyYAML==3.12 requests==2.18.4 simplejson==3.16.0 ---------------------------------------- 2020-4-30更新 pytest==5.3.1 allure-pytest==2.8.6 allure-python-commons==2.8.6 ⚠️注:pytest-allure-adaptor已棄用,改為allure-pytest; 安裝allure-pytest時,需將pytest-allure-adaptor卸載
流程:讀取Yaml測試數(shù)據(jù)-生成測試用例-執(zhí)行測試用例-生成Allure報告
模塊類的設(shè)計說明:
Request.py封裝request方法,可以支持多協(xié)議擴展(get\post\put)Config.py讀取配置文件,包括:不同環(huán)境的配置,email相關(guān)配置Log.py封裝記錄log方法,分為:debug、info、warning、error、criticalEmail.py封裝smtplib方法,運行結(jié)果發(fā)送郵件通知Assert.py封裝assert方法run.py核心代碼。定義并執(zhí)行用例集,生成報告
Yaml測試數(shù)據(jù)格式如下:
---
Basic:
dec: "基礎(chǔ)設(shè)置"
parameters:
-
url: /settings/basic.json
data: slug=da1677475c27
header: {
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko)\
Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36",
"Content-Type": "keep-alive"
}
二、代碼結(jié)構(gòu)與框架流程
1、代碼結(jié)構(gòu)見下圖:

代碼結(jié)構(gòu).jpg
2、框架流程見下圖:

框架流程.jpg
三、詳細功能和使用說明
1、定義配置文件config.ini
該文件中區(qū)分測試環(huán)境[private_debug]和正式環(huán)境[online_release]分別定義相關(guān)配置項,[mail]部分為郵件相關(guān)配置項
# http接口測試框架配置信息 [private_debug] # debug測試服務(wù) tester = your name environment = debug versionCode = your version host = www.jianshu.com loginHost = /Login loginInfo = email=wang@user.com&password=123456 [online_release] # release正式服務(wù) tester = your name environment = release versionCode = v1.0 host = www.jianshu.com loginHost = /Login loginInfo = email=wang@user.com&password=123456 [mail] #發(fā)送郵件信息 smtpserver = smtp.163.com sender = test1@163.com receiver = wang@user.com username = wang@user.com password = 123456
2、讀取yaml測試數(shù)據(jù)后封裝
yaml測試數(shù)據(jù)例子見第一節(jié),一條接口可定義多條case數(shù)據(jù),get_parameter為已封裝好的讀取yaml數(shù)據(jù)方法,循環(huán)讀取后將多條case數(shù)據(jù)存在list中。
class Basic:
params = get_parameter('Basic')
url = []
data = []
header = []
for i in range(0, len(params)):
url.append(params[i]['url'])
data.append(params[i]['data'])
header.append(params[i]['header'])
3、編寫用例
class TestBasic:
@allure.feature('Home')
@allure.severity('blocker')
@allure.story('Basic')
def test_basic_01(self, action):
"""
用例描述:未登陸狀態(tài)下查看基礎(chǔ)設(shè)置
"""
conf = Config()
data = Basic()
test = Assert.Assertions()
request = Request.Request(action)
host = conf.host_debug
req_url = 'http://' + host
urls = data.url
params = data.data
headers = data.header
api_url = req_url + urls[0]
response = request.get_request(api_url, params[0], headers[0])
assert test.assert_code(response['code'], 401)
assert test.assert_body(response['body'], 'error', u'繼續(xù)操作前請注冊或者登錄.')
assert test.assert_time(response['time_consuming'], 400)
Consts.RESULT_LIST.append('True')
4、運行整個框架run.py
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 定義測試集
args = ['-s', '-q', '--alluredir', xml_report_path]
self_args = sys.argv[1:]
pytest.main(args)
cmd = 'allure generate %s -o %s' % (xml_report_path, html_report_path)
try:
shell.invoke(cmd)
except:
log.error('執(zhí)行用例失敗,請檢查環(huán)境配置')
raise
try:
mail = Email.SendMail()
mail.sendMail()
except:
log.error('發(fā)送郵件失敗,請檢查郵件配置')
raise
5、err.log實例
[ERROR 2018-08-24 09:55:37]Response body != expected_msg, expected_msg is {"error":"繼續(xù)操作前請注冊或者登錄9."}, body is {"error":"繼續(xù)操作前請注冊或者登錄."}
[ERROR 2018-08-24 10:00:11]Response time > expected_time, expected_time is 400, time is 482.745
[ERROR 2018-08-25 21:49:41]statusCode error, expected_code is 208, statusCode is 200
6、Assert部分代碼
def assert_body(self, body, body_msg, expected_msg):
"""
驗證response body中任意屬性的值
:param body:
:param body_msg:
:param expected_msg:
:return:
"""
try:
msg = body[body_msg]
assert msg == expected_msg
return True
except:
self.log.error("Response body msg != expected_msg, expected_msg is %s, body_msg is %s" % (expected_msg, body_msg))
Consts.RESULT_LIST.append('fail')
raise
def assert_in_text(self, body, expected_msg):
"""
驗證response body中是否包含預(yù)期字符串
:param body:
:param expected_msg:
:return:
"""
try:
text = json.dumps(body, ensure_ascii=False)
# print(text)
assert expected_msg in text
return True
except:
self.log.error("Response body Does not contain expected_msg, expected_msg is %s" % expected_msg)
Consts.RESULT_LIST.append('fail')
raise
7、Request部分代碼
def post_request(self, url, data, header):
"""
Post請求
:param url:
:param data:
:param header:
:return:
"""
if not url.startswith('http://'):
url = '%s%s' % ('http://', url)
print(url)
try:
if data is None:
response = self.get_session.post(url=url, headers=header)
else:
response = self.get_session.post(url=url, params=data, headers=header)
except requests.RequestException as e:
print('%s%s' % ('RequestException url: ', url))
print(e)
return ()
except Exception as e:
print('%s%s' % ('Exception url: ', url))
print(e)
return ()
# time_consuming為響應(yīng)時間,單位為毫秒
time_consuming = response.elapsed.microseconds/1000
# time_total為響應(yīng)時間,單位為秒
time_total = response.elapsed.total_seconds()
Common.Consts.STRESS_LIST.append(time_consuming)
response_dicts = dict()
response_dicts['code'] = response.status_code
try:
response_dicts['body'] = response.json()
except Exception as e:
print(e)
response_dicts['body'] = ''
response_dicts['text'] = response.text
response_dicts['time_consuming'] = time_consuming
response_dicts['time_total'] = time_total
return response_dicts
四、Allure報告及Email
1、Allure報告總覽,見下圖:

Allure報告.jpg
2、Email見下圖:

Email.jpg
五、后續(xù)優(yōu)化
1、集成Jenkins,使用Jenkins插件生成Allure報告
2、多線程并發(fā)接口自動化測試
3、接口加密,參數(shù)加密
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