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我用Python做個AI出牌器斗地主把把贏

發(fā)布日期:2022-02-03 18:15 | 文章來源:源碼中國

最近在網(wǎng)上看到一個有意思的開源項目,基于快手團隊開發(fā)的開源AI斗地主——DouZero做的一個“成熟”的AI,項目開源地址【https://github.com/tianqiraf/DouZero_For_HappyDouDiZhu – tianqiraf】。

今天我們就一起來學(xué)習(xí)下是如何制作一個基于DouZero的出牌器,看看AI是如何來幫助斗地主的!

一、核心功能設(shè)計

首先這款出牌器是基于DouZero開發(fā)的,核心是需要利用訓(xùn)練好的AI模型來幫住我們,給出最優(yōu)出牌方案。

其次關(guān)于出牌器,先要需要確認一個AI出牌角色,代表我們玩家自己。我們只要給這個AI輸入玩家手牌和三張底牌。確認好地主和農(nóng)民的各個角色,告訴它三個人對應(yīng)的關(guān)系,這樣就可以確定隊友和對手。

我們還要將每一輪其他兩人的出牌輸入,這樣出牌器就可以根據(jù)出牌數(shù)據(jù),及時提供給我們最優(yōu)出牌決策,帶領(lǐng)我們?nèi)〉脛倮?/p>

那么如何獲取三者之間的關(guān)系呢?誰是地主?誰是農(nóng)民?是自己一人作戰(zhàn)還是農(nóng)民合作?自己玩家的手牌是什么?三張底牌是什么?這些也都需要在開局后確認好。

大致可以整理出要實現(xiàn)的核心功能如下:

UI設(shè)計排版布局

  • 顯示三張底牌
  • 顯示AI角色出牌數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)域,上家出牌數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)域,下家出牌數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)域,本局勝率區(qū)域
  • AI玩家手牌區(qū)域
  • AI出牌器開始停止

手牌和出牌數(shù)據(jù)識別

  • 游戲剛開始根據(jù)屏幕位置,截圖識別AI玩家手牌及三張底牌
  • 確認三者之間的關(guān)系,識別地主和農(nóng)民角色,確認隊友及對手關(guān)系
  • 識別每輪三位玩家依次出了什么牌,刷新顯示對應(yīng)區(qū)域

AI出牌方案輸出

  • 加載訓(xùn)練好的AI模型,初始化游戲環(huán)境
  • 每輪出牌判斷,根據(jù)上家出牌數(shù)據(jù)給出最優(yōu)出牌決策
  • 自動刷新玩家剩余手牌和本局勝率預(yù)測

二、實現(xiàn)步驟

1. UI設(shè)計排版布局

根據(jù)上述功能,首先考慮進行簡單的UI布局設(shè)計,使用的是pyqt5。核心設(shè)計代碼如下:

def setupUi(self, Form):
 Form.setObjectName("Form")
 Form.resize(440, 395)
 font = QtGui.QFont()
 font.setFamily("Arial")
 font.setPointSize(9)
 font.setBold(True)
 font.setItalic(False)
 font.setWeight(75)
 Form.setFont(font)
 self.WinRate = QtWidgets.QLabel(Form)
 self.WinRate.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(240, 180, 171, 61))
 font = QtGui.QFont()
 font.setPointSize(14)
 self.WinRate.setFont(font)
 self.WinRate.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
 self.WinRate.setObjectName("WinRate")
 self.InitCard = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)
 self.InitCard.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(60, 330, 121, 41))
 font = QtGui.QFont()
 font.setFamily("Arial")
 font.setPointSize(14)
 font.setBold(True)
 font.setWeight(75)
 self.InitCard.setFont(font)
 self.InitCard.setStyleSheet("")
 self.InitCard.setObjectName("InitCard")
 self.UserHandCards = QtWidgets.QLabel(Form)
 self.UserHandCards.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 260, 421, 41))
 font = QtGui.QFont()
 font.setPointSize(14)
 self.UserHandCards.setFont(font)
 self.UserHandCards.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
 self.UserHandCards.setObjectName("UserHandCards")
 self.LPlayer = QtWidgets.QFrame(Form)
 self.LPlayer.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 80, 201, 61))
 self.LPlayer.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QFrame.StyledPanel)
 self.LPlayer.setFrameShadow(QtWidgets.QFrame.Raised)
 self.LPlayer.setObjectName("LPlayer")
 self.LPlayedCard = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.LPlayer)
 self.LPlayedCard.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 201, 61))
 font = QtGui.QFont()
 font.setPointSize(14)
 self.LPlayedCard.setFont(font)
 self.LPlayedCard.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
 self.LPlayedCard.setObjectName("LPlayedCard")
 self.RPlayer = QtWidgets.QFrame(Form)
 self.RPlayer.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(230, 80, 201, 61))
 font = QtGui.QFont()
 font.setPointSize(16)
 self.RPlayer.setFont(font)
 self.RPlayer.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QFrame.StyledPanel)
 self.RPlayer.setFrameShadow(QtWidgets.QFrame.Raised)
 self.RPlayer.setObjectName("RPlayer")
 self.RPlayedCard = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.RPlayer)
 self.RPlayedCard.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 201, 61))
 font = QtGui.QFont()
 font.setPointSize(14)
 self.RPlayedCard.setFont(font)
 self.RPlayedCard.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
 self.RPlayedCard.setObjectName("RPlayedCard")
 self.Player = QtWidgets.QFrame(Form)
 self.Player.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(40, 180, 171, 61))
 self.Player.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QFrame.StyledPanel)
 self.Player.setFrameShadow(QtWidgets.QFrame.Raised)
 self.Player.setObjectName("Player")
 self.PredictedCard = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.Player)
 self.PredictedCard.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 171, 61))
 font = QtGui.QFont()
 font.setPointSize(14)
 self.PredictedCard.setFont(font)
 self.PredictedCard.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
 self.PredictedCard.setObjectName("PredictedCard")
 self.ThreeLandlordCards = QtWidgets.QLabel(Form)
 self.ThreeLandlordCards.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(140, 10, 161, 41))
 font = QtGui.QFont()
 font.setPointSize(16)
 self.ThreeLandlordCards.setFont(font)
 self.ThreeLandlordCards.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
 self.ThreeLandlordCards.setObjectName("ThreeLandlordCards")
 self.Stop = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)
 self.Stop.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(260, 330, 111, 41))
 font = QtGui.QFont()
 font.setFamily("Arial")
 font.setPointSize(14)
 font.setBold(True)
 font.setWeight(75)
 self.Stop.setFont(font)
 self.Stop.setStyleSheet("")
 self.Stop.setObjectName("Stop")
 self.retranslateUi(Form)
 self.InitCard.clicked.connect(Form.init_cards)
 self.Stop.clicked.connect(Form.stop)
 QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Form)
def retranslateUi(self, Form):
 _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
 Form.setWindowTitle(_translate("Form", "AI歡樂斗地主--Dragon少年"))
 self.WinRate.setText(_translate("Form", "勝率:--%"))
 self.InitCard.setText(_translate("Form", "開始"))
 self.UserHandCards.setText(_translate("Form", "手牌"))
 self.LPlayedCard.setText(_translate("Form", "上家出牌區(qū)域"))
 self.RPlayedCard.setText(_translate("Form", "下家出牌區(qū)域"))
 self.PredictedCard.setText(_translate("Form", "AI出牌區(qū)域"))
 self.ThreeLandlordCards.setText(_translate("Form", "三張底牌"))
 self.Stop.setText(_translate("Form", "停止"))

2. 手牌和出牌數(shù)據(jù)識別

接下來需要所有撲克牌的模板圖片與游戲屏幕特定區(qū)域的截圖進行對比,這樣才能獲取AI玩家手牌、底牌、每一輪出牌、三者關(guān)系(地主、地主上家、地主下家)。

識別AI玩家手牌及三張底牌:

我們可以截取游戲屏幕,根據(jù)固定位置來識別當前AI玩家的手牌和三張底牌。核心代碼如下:

# 牌檢測結(jié)果濾波
def cards_filter(self, location, distance):  
 if len(location) == 0:
  return 0
 locList = [location[0][0]]
 count = 1
 for e in location:
  flag = 1  # “是新的”標志
  for have in locList:
if abs(e[0] - have) <= distance:
 flag = 0
 break
  if flag:
count += 1
locList.append(e[0])
 return count
# 獲取玩家AI手牌
def find_my_cards(self, pos):
 user_hand_cards_real = ""
 img = pyautogui.screenshot(region=pos)
 for card in AllCards:
  result = pyautogui.locateAll(needleImage='pics/m' + card + '.png', haystackImage=img, confidence=self.MyConfidence)
  user_hand_cards_real += card[1] * self.cards_filter(list(result), self.MyFilter)
 return user_hand_cards_real
# 獲取地主三張底牌
def find_three_landlord_cards(self, pos):
 three_landlord_cards_real = ""
 img = pyautogui.screenshot(region=pos)
 img = img.resize((349, 168))
 for card in AllCards:
  result = pyautogui.locateAll(needleImage='pics/o' + card + '.png', haystackImage=img,
confidence=self.ThreeLandlordCardsConfidence)
  three_landlord_cards_real += card[1] * self.cards_filter(list(result), self.OtherFilter)
 return three_landlord_cards_real

效果如下所示:

地主、地主上家、地主下家:

同理我們可以根據(jù)游戲屏幕截圖,識別地主的圖標,確認地主角色。核心代碼如下:

# 查找地主角色
def find_landlord(self, landlord_flag_pos):
 for pos in landlord_flag_pos:
  result = pyautogui.locateOnScreen('pics/landlord_words.png', region=pos, confidence=self.LandlordFlagConfidence)
  if result is not None:
return landlord_flag_pos.index(pos)
 return None

這樣我們就可以得到玩家AI手牌,其他玩家手牌(預(yù)測),地主三張底牌,三者角色關(guān)系,出牌順序。核心代碼如下:

# 坐標
self.MyHandCardsPos = (414, 804, 1041, 59)  # AI玩家截圖區(qū)域
self.LPlayedCardsPos = (530, 470, 380, 160)  # 左側(cè)玩家截圖區(qū)域
self.RPlayedCardsPos = (1010, 470, 380, 160)  # 右側(cè)玩家截圖區(qū)域
self.LandlordFlagPos = [(1320, 300, 110, 140), (320, 720, 110, 140), (500, 300, 110, 140)]  # 地主標志截圖區(qū)域(右-我-左)
self.ThreeLandlordCardsPos = (817, 36, 287, 136)# 地主底牌截圖區(qū)域,resize成349x168
def init_cards(self):
 # 玩家手牌
 self.user_hand_cards_real = ""
 self.user_hand_cards_env = []
 # 其他玩家出牌
 self.other_played_cards_real = ""
 self.other_played_cards_env = []
 # 其他玩家手牌(整副牌減去玩家手牌,后續(xù)再減掉歷史出牌)
 self.other_hand_cards = []
 # 三張底牌
 self.three_landlord_cards_real = ""
 self.three_landlord_cards_env = []
 # 玩家角色代碼:0-地主上家, 1-地主, 2-地主下家
 self.user_position_code = None
 self.user_position = ""
 # 開局時三個玩家的手牌
 self.card_play_data_list = {}
 # 出牌順序:0-玩家出牌, 1-玩家下家出牌, 2-玩家上家出牌
 self.play_order = 0
 self.env = None
 # 識別玩家手牌
 self.user_hand_cards_real = self.find_my_cards(self.MyHandCardsPos)
 self.UserHandCards.setText(self.user_hand_cards_real)
 self.user_hand_cards_env = [RealCard2EnvCard[c] for c in list(self.user_hand_cards_real)]
 # 識別三張底牌
 self.three_landlord_cards_real = self.find_three_landlord_cards(self.ThreeLandlordCardsPos)
 self.ThreeLandlordCards.setText("底牌:" + self.three_landlord_cards_real)
 self.three_landlord_cards_env = [RealCard2EnvCard[c] for c in list(self.three_landlord_cards_real)]
 # 識別玩家的角色
 self.user_position_code = self.find_landlord(self.LandlordFlagPos)
 if self.user_position_code is None:
  items = ("地主上家", "地主", "地主下家")
  item, okPressed = QInputDialog.getItem(self, "選擇角色", "未識別到地主,請手動選擇角色:", items, 0, False)
  if okPressed and item:
self.user_position_code = items.index(item)
  else:
return
 self.user_position = ['landlord_up', 'landlord', 'landlord_down'][self.user_position_code]
 for player in self.Players:
  player.setStyleSheet('background-color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0);')
 self.Players[self.user_position_code].setStyleSheet('background-color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.1);')
 # 整副牌減去玩家手上的牌,就是其他人的手牌,再分配給另外兩個角色(如何分配對AI判斷沒有影響)
 for i in set(AllEnvCard):
  self.other_hand_cards.extend([i] * (AllEnvCard.count(i) - self.user_hand_cards_env.count(i)))
 self.card_play_data_list.update({
  'three_landlord_cards': self.three_landlord_cards_env,
  ['landlord_up', 'landlord', 'landlord_down'][(self.user_position_code + 0) % 3]:
self.user_hand_cards_env,
  ['landlord_up', 'landlord', 'landlord_down'][(self.user_position_code + 1) % 3]:
self.other_hand_cards[0:17] if (self.user_position_code + 1) % 3 != 1 else self.other_hand_cards[17:],
  ['landlord_up', 'landlord', 'landlord_down'][(self.user_position_code + 2) % 3]:
self.other_hand_cards[0:17] if (self.user_position_code + 1) % 3 == 1 else self.other_hand_cards[17:]
 })
 print(self.card_play_data_list)
 # 生成手牌結(jié)束,校驗手牌數(shù)量
 if len(self.card_play_data_list["three_landlord_cards"]) != 3:
  QMessageBox.critical(self, "底牌識別出錯", "底牌必須是3張!", QMessageBox.Yes, QMessageBox.Yes)
  self.init_display()
  return
 if len(self.card_play_data_list["landlord_up"]) != 17 or \
  len(self.card_play_data_list["landlord_down"]) != 17 or \
  len(self.card_play_data_list["landlord"]) != 20:
  QMessageBox.critical(self, "手牌識別出錯", "初始手牌數(shù)目有誤", QMessageBox.Yes, QMessageBox.Yes)
  self.init_display()
  return
 # 得到出牌順序
 self.play_order = 0 if self.user_position == "landlord" else 1 if self.user_position == "landlord_up" else 2

效果如下:

3. AI出牌方案輸出

下面我們就需要用到DouZero開源的AI斗地主了。DouZero項目地址:https://github.com/kwai/DouZero。我們需要將該開源項目下載并導(dǎo)入項目中。

創(chuàng)建一個AI玩家角色,初始化游戲環(huán)境,加載模型,進行每輪的出牌判斷,控制一局游戲流程的進行和結(jié)束。核心代碼如下:

# 創(chuàng)建一個代表玩家的AI
ai_players = [0, 0]
ai_players[0] = self.user_position
ai_players[1] = DeepAgent(self.user_position, self.card_play_model_path_dict[self.user_position])
# 初始化游戲環(huán)境
self.env = GameEnv(ai_players)
# 游戲開始
self.start()
def start(self):
 self.env.card_play_init(self.card_play_data_list)
 print("開始出牌\n")
 while not self.env.game_over:
  # 玩家出牌時就通過智能體獲取action,否則通過識別獲取其他玩家出牌
  if self.play_order == 0:
self.PredictedCard.setText("...")
action_message = self.env.step(self.user_position)
# 更新界面
self.UserHandCards.setText("手牌:" + str(''.join(
 [EnvCard2RealCard[c] for c in self.env.info_sets[self.user_position].player_hand_cards]))[::-1])
self.PredictedCard.setText(action_message["action"] if action_message["action"] else "不出")
self.WinRate.setText("勝率:" + action_message["win_rate"])
print("\n手牌:", str(''.join(
  [EnvCard2RealCard[c] for c in self.env.info_sets[self.user_position].player_hand_cards])))
print("出牌:", action_message["action"] if action_message["action"] else "不出", ", 勝率:",
action_message["win_rate"])
while self.have_white(self.RPlayedCardsPos) == 1 or \
  pyautogui.locateOnScreen('pics/pass.png',
  region=self.RPlayedCardsPos,
  confidence=self.LandlordFlagConfidence):
 print("等待玩家出牌")
 self.counter.restart()
 while self.counter.elapsed() < 100:
  QtWidgets.QApplication.processEvents(QEventLoop.AllEvents, 50)
self.play_order = 1
  elif self.play_order == 1:
self.RPlayedCard.setText("...")
pass_flag = None
while self.have_white(self.RPlayedCardsPos) == 0 and \
  not pyautogui.locateOnScreen('pics/pass.png',
region=self.RPlayedCardsPos,
confidence=self.LandlordFlagConfidence):
 print("等待下家出牌")
 self.counter.restart()
 while self.counter.elapsed() < 500:
  QtWidgets.QApplication.processEvents(QEventLoop.AllEvents, 50)
self.counter.restart()
while self.counter.elapsed() < 500:
 QtWidgets.QApplication.processEvents(QEventLoop.AllEvents, 50)
# 不出
pass_flag = pyautogui.locateOnScreen('pics/pass.png',
region=self.RPlayedCardsPos,
confidence=self.LandlordFlagConfidence)
# 未找到"不出"
if pass_flag is None:
 # 識別下家出牌
 self.other_played_cards_real = self.find_other_cards(self.RPlayedCardsPos)
# 找到"不出"
else:
 self.other_played_cards_real = ""
print("\n下家出牌:", self.other_played_cards_real)
self.other_played_cards_env = [RealCard2EnvCard[c] for c in list(self.other_played_cards_real)]
self.env.step(self.user_position, self.other_played_cards_env)
# 更新界面
self.RPlayedCard.setText(self.other_played_cards_real if self.other_played_cards_real else "不出")
self.play_order = 2
  elif self.play_order == 2:
self.LPlayedCard.setText("...")
while self.have_white(self.LPlayedCardsPos) == 0 and \
  not pyautogui.locateOnScreen('pics/pass.png',
  region=self.LPlayedCardsPos,
  confidence=self.LandlordFlagConfidence):
 print("等待上家出牌")
 self.counter.restart()
 while self.counter.elapsed() < 500:
  QtWidgets.QApplication.processEvents(QEventLoop.AllEvents, 50)
self.counter.restart()
while self.counter.elapsed() < 500:
 QtWidgets.QApplication.processEvents(QEventLoop.AllEvents, 50)
# 不出
pass_flag = pyautogui.locateOnScreen('pics/pass.png',
region=self.LPlayedCardsPos,
confidence=self.LandlordFlagConfidence)
# 未找到"不出"
if pass_flag is None:
 # 識別上家出牌
 self.other_played_cards_real = self.find_other_cards(self.LPlayedCardsPos)
# 找到"不出"
else:
 self.other_played_cards_real = ""
print("\n上家出牌:", self.other_played_cards_real)
self.other_played_cards_env = [RealCard2EnvCard[c] for c in list(self.other_played_cards_real)]
self.env.step(self.user_position, self.other_played_cards_env)
self.play_order = 0
# 更新界面
self.LPlayedCard.setText(self.other_played_cards_real if self.other_played_cards_real else "不出")
  else:
pass
  self.counter.restart()
  while self.counter.elapsed() < 100:
QtWidgets.QApplication.processEvents(QEventLoop.AllEvents, 50)
 print("{}勝,本局結(jié)束!\n".format("農(nóng)民" if self.env.winner == "farmer" else "地主"))
 QMessageBox.information(self, "本局結(jié)束", "{}勝!".format("農(nóng)民" if self.env.winner == "farmer" else "地主"),
QMessageBox.Yes, QMessageBox.Yes)
 self.env.reset()
 self.init_display()

到這里,整個AI斗地主出牌流程基本已經(jīng)完成了。

三、出牌器用法

按照上述過程,這款A(yù)I出牌器已經(jīng)制作完成了。后面應(yīng)該如何使用呢?如果不想研究源碼,只想使用這款A(yù)I斗地主出牌器,驗證下效果,該怎么配置環(huán)境運行這個AI出牌器呢?下面就開始介紹。

1. 環(huán)境配置

首先我們需要安裝這些第三方庫,配置相關(guān)環(huán)境,如下所示:

torch==1.9.0
GitPython==3.0.5
gitdb2==2.0.6
PyAutoGUI==0.9.50
PyQt5==5.13.0
PyQt5-sip==12.8.1
Pillow>=5.2.0
opencv-python
rlcard

2. 坐標調(diào)整確認

我們可以打開游戲界面,將游戲窗口模式下最大化運行,把AI出牌器程序窗口需要移至右下角,不能遮擋手牌、地主標志、底牌、歷史出牌這些關(guān)鍵位置。

其次我們要確認屏幕截圖獲取的各個區(qū)域是否正確。如果有問題需要進行區(qū)域位置坐標調(diào)整。

# 坐標
self.MyHandCardsPos = (414, 804, 1041, 59)  # 我的截圖區(qū)域
self.LPlayedCardsPos = (530, 470, 380, 160)  # 左邊截圖區(qū)域
self.RPlayedCardsPos = (1010, 470, 380, 160)  # 右邊截圖區(qū)域
self.LandlordFlagPos = [(1320, 300, 110, 140), (320, 720, 110, 140), (500, 300, 110, 140)]  # 地主標志截圖區(qū)域(右-我-左)
self.ThreeLandlordCardsPos = (817, 36, 287, 136)# 地主底牌截圖區(qū)域,resize成349x168

3. 運行測試

當所有環(huán)境配置完成,各區(qū)域坐標位置確認無誤之后,下面我們就可以直接運行程序,測試效果啦~

首先我們運行AI出牌器程序,打開游戲界面,進入游戲。當玩家就位,手牌分發(fā)完畢,地主身份確認之后,我們就可以點擊畫面中開始按鈕,讓AI來幫助我們斗地主了。

基于這個DouZero項目做一個“成熟”的AI,項目開源地址【https://github.com/tianqiraf/DouZero_For_HappyDouDiZhu – tianqiraf】。

今天我們就到這里,明天繼續(xù)努力!

如果本篇博客有任何錯誤,請批評指教,不勝感激 !

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