python opencv鼠標(biāo)畫點之cv2.drawMarker()函數(shù)
這里所謂畫點的意思是指在單一像素點上畫一個標(biāo)記符,而不是畫小圓點。使用的函數(shù)是cv2.drawMarker(img, position, color, ...)
關(guān)于鼠標(biāo)回調(diào)函數(shù)的說明可以參考:opencv-python的鼠標(biāo)交互操作
cv2.drawMarker()函數(shù)說明
參數(shù)說明
導(dǎo)入cv2后,通過help(cv2.drawMarker)可以看到函數(shù)的幫助文檔如下:
drawMarker(...) drawMarker(img, position, color[, markerType[, markerSize[, thickness[, line_type]]]]) -> img .@brief Draws a marker on a predefined position in an image. . .The function cv::drawMarker draws a marker on a given position in the image. For the moment several .marker types are supported, see #MarkerTypes for more information. . .@param img Image. .@param position The point where the crosshair is positioned. .@param color Line color. .@param markerType The specific type of marker you want to use, see #MarkerTypes .@param thickness Line thickness. .@param line_type Type of the line, See #LineTypes .@param markerSize The length of the marker axis [default = 20 pixels]
其中三個必選參數(shù):img, position, color,其他參數(shù)是可選。三個必選參數(shù)說明如下:
- img:底圖,uint8類型的ndarray,
- position:坐標(biāo),是一個包含兩個數(shù)字的tuple(必需是tuple),表示(x, y)
- color:顏色,是一個包含三個數(shù)字的tuple或list,表示(b, g, r)
其他參數(shù)說明如下:
- markerType:點的類型。取值0-6,有相應(yīng)的宏定義與之對應(yīng),具體的可參考下面的一個表。
- markerSize:點的大小。大于0的整數(shù),必需是整數(shù)。實際輸入<=0的數(shù)字也可,但是估計程序里有判斷,<=0等同于1。默認(rèn)值是20。
- thickness:點的線寬。必需是大于0的整數(shù),必需是整數(shù),不能小于0,默認(rèn)值是1。
- line_type:線的類型??梢匀〉闹涤衏v2.LINE_4,cv2.LINE_8,cv2.LINE_AA。其中cv2.LINE_AA的AA表示抗鋸齒,線會更平滑。
markerType取值說明
| 數(shù)值 | 宏定義 | 說明 |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | cv2.MARKER_CROSS | 十字線(橫豎兩根線) |
| 1 | cv2.MARKER_TILTED_CROSS | 交叉線(斜著兩根線) |
| 2 | cv2.MARKER_STAR | 米字線(橫豎加斜著共四根線) |
| 3 | cv2.MARKER_DIAMOND | 旋轉(zhuǎn)45度的正方形 |
| 4 | cv2.MARKER_SQUARE | 正方形 |
| 5 | cv2.MARKER_TRIANGLE_UP | 尖角向上的三角形 |
| 6 | cv2.MARKER_TRIANGLE_DOWN | 尖角向下的三角形 |
markerType示例
下面是一個簡單的畫點程序
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import cv2
import numpy as np
if __name__ == '__main__':
image = np.zeros((256, 256, 3), np.uint8)
color = (0, 255, 0)
cv2.drawMarker(image, (50, 50), color, markerType=0)
cv2.drawMarker(image, (100, 50), color, markerType=1)
cv2.drawMarker(image, (150, 50), color, markerType=2)
cv2.drawMarker(image, (200, 50), color, markerType=3)
cv2.drawMarker(image, (50, 100), color, markerType=4)
cv2.drawMarker(image, (100, 100), color, markerType=5)
cv2.drawMarker(image, (150, 100), color, markerType=6)
cv2.namedWindow('marker_type', 1)
cv2.imshow('marker_type', image)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
請?zhí)貏e注意,opencv在調(diào)用這些畫圖函數(shù)后,image的內(nèi)容會被這些畫圖函數(shù)改變,也就是說,函數(shù)調(diào)用之后,我們就拿不回原始的image了,除非另外保存一份原始image的副本。在寫一些交互畫圖函數(shù)時,這個特性需要格外注意。
程序執(zhí)行結(jié)果如下。

利用鼠標(biāo)回調(diào)函數(shù)交互式畫點
例1,簡單的例子
該例子與中的例子相同
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import cv2
import numpy as np
WIN_NAME = 'pick_points'
def onmouse_pick_points(event, x, y, flags, param):
if event == cv2.EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN:
print('x = %d, y = %d' % (x, y))
cv2.drawMarker(param, (x, y), (0, 255, 0))
if __name__ == '__main__':
image = np.zeros((256, 256, 3), np.uint8)
cv2.namedWindow(WIN_NAME, 0)
cv2.setMouseCallback(WIN_NAME, onmouse_pick_points, image)
while True:
cv2.imshow(WIN_NAME, image)
key = cv2.waitKey(30)
if key == 27: # ESC
break
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
上面程序中有幾個注意點:
- setMouseCallback()中的param參數(shù)我們傳遞了image進(jìn)去,也就是說鼠標(biāo)回調(diào)函數(shù)onmouse_pick_points()中的param就是image,畫點的操作在鼠標(biāo)回調(diào)函數(shù)中,該參數(shù)在onmouse_pick_points中的變化可以保留到函數(shù)外,可以理解為C++的引用傳遞,或C語言的指針傳遞。
- 需要一個無限循環(huán)來刷新圖像。
- 無限循環(huán)的退出條件由鍵盤獲取,cv2.waitKey()用來獲取鍵盤的按鍵,當(dāng)我們點ESC后就可以退出。
這里點了三次左鍵,終端輸出以下內(nèi)容:
x = 60, y = 55 x = 206, y = 113 x = 114, y = 192
并得到這樣一張圖像:

例2,刪除功能
如果需要刪除已經(jīng)畫了的點的功能,那么問題就變得略有些復(fù)雜了。
我們之前講過,opencv在畫了這些點之后,圖像的像素已經(jīng)事實上被改變了,想要緊緊通過當(dāng)前圖像將其恢復(fù)原狀是不行的。所以為了實現(xiàn)刪除功能,我們需要備份一張原始圖像,一張用來對外顯示的圖像,以及一個由點坐標(biāo)組成的list。
每次做刪除點的操作后,我們都使用原始圖像重置對外顯示的圖像,然后再把list中所有的點都重新畫在對外顯示的圖像上,就可以實現(xiàn)刪除點的效果。如果是增加點的操作,則不用重置圖像。
實現(xiàn)代碼如下:
下面代碼中,左鍵實現(xiàn)增加一個點的操作,右鍵依次刪除后面畫上的點。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import cv2
import numpy as np
WIN_NAME = 'pick_points'
class DrawPoints(object):
def __init__(self, image, color,
marker_type=cv2.MARKER_CROSS,
marker_size=20,
thickness=1):
"""
Initialization of class DrawPoints
Parameters
----------
image: ndarray
source image. shape is [height, width, channels]
color: tuple
a tuple containing uint8 integers, designating B, G, R values,
separately
marker_type: int
marker type, between [0, 6]
marker_size: int
marker size, >=1
thickness: int
line thickness, >=1
"""
self.original_image = image
self.image_for_show = image.copy()
self.color = color
self.marker_type = marker_type
self.marker_size = marker_size
self.thickness = thickness
self.pts = []
def append(self, x, y):
"""
add a point to points list
Parameters
----------
x, y: int, int
coordinate of a point
"""
self.pts.append((x, y))
def pop(self):
"""
pop a point from points list
"""
pt = ()
if self.pts:
pt = self.pts.pop()
return pt
def reset_image(self):
"""
reset image_for_show using original image
"""
self.image_for_show = self.original_image.copy()
def draw(self):
"""
draw points on image_for_show
"""
for pt in self.pts:
cv2.drawMarker(self.image_for_show, pt, color=self.color,markerType=self.marker_type,markerSize=self.marker_size,thickness=self.thickness)
def onmouse_pick_points(event, x, y, flags, draw_pts):
if event == cv2.EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN:
print('add: x = %d, y = %d' % (x, y))
draw_pts.append(x, y)
draw_pts.draw()
elif event == cv2.EVENT_RBUTTONDOWN:
pt = draw_pts.pop()
if pt:
print('delete: x = %d, y = %d' % (pt[0], pt[1]))
draw_pts.reset_image()
draw_pts.draw()
if __name__ == '__main__':
image = np.zeros((256, 256, 3), np.uint8)
draw_pts = DrawPoints(image, (0, 255, 0))
cv2.namedWindow(WIN_NAME, 0)
cv2.setMouseCallback(WIN_NAME, onmouse_pick_points, draw_pts)
while True:
cv2.imshow(WIN_NAME, draw_pts.image_for_show)
key = cv2.waitKey(30)
if key == 27: # ESC
break
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
終端輸出如下:
add: x = 54, y = 51
add: x = 215, y = 81
add: x = 123, y = 121
add: x = 57, y = 197
add: x = 168, y = 210
delete: x = 168, y = 210
delete: x = 57, y = 197
得到的結(jié)果如下:

總結(jié)
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