Mysql5.7.18版本（二進(jìn)制包安裝）自定義安裝路徑教程詳解
安裝路徑：/application/mysql-5.7.18
1.前期準(zhǔn)備
mysql依賴
libaio yum install -y libaio
創(chuàng)建用戶mysql，以該用戶的身份執(zhí)行mysql
useradd -s /bin/false -M mysql
下載mysql二進(jìn)制包并解壓
cd /tools wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz tar -zxf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /application/
切換到/application目錄，將mysql文件夾名改短,給mysql目錄做一個(gè)軟鏈接
cd /application/ mv mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/ mysql-5.7.18 ln -s mysql-5.7.18/ mysql
在mysql目錄下創(chuàng)建mysql-files，該文件夾權(quán)限為750，遞歸設(shè)置mysql目錄的所屬組和所屬用戶
mkdir mysql/mysql-files chmod 750 mysql/mysql-files chown -R mysql:mysql mysql-5.7.18/
2.mysql目錄內(nèi)操作
cd mysql
初始化數(shù)據(jù)庫
會在mysql目錄內(nèi)生成一個(gè)data目錄，存放數(shù)據(jù)庫的目錄
bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data
返回結(jié)果最后一行的末尾有隨機(jī)密碼，我的記下來：wa0I:1w?V--a
2017-04-28T02:49:00.853710Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: wa0I:1w?V--a
想設(shè)置默認(rèn)密碼為空則將--initialize選項(xiàng)替換為--initialize-insecure選項(xiàng)
bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data
安裝ssl
bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir /application/mysql/data/
指定data目錄的路徑
更改所屬用戶和組
chown -R root . chown -R mysql data mysql-files
除了mysql目錄下的data目錄和mysql-files目錄所屬用戶不變，其他所有文件的所屬用戶改為root
修改配置文件
sed -i 's/^datadir=\/var\/lib\/mysql/datadir=\/application\/mysql\/data/g' /etc/my.cnf sed -i 's/^socket=\/var\/lib\/mysql\/mysql.sock/socket=\/tmp\/mysql.sock/g' /etc/my.cnf sed -i 's/^log-error=\/var\/log\/mariadb\/mariadb.log/log-error=\/application\/mysql\/data\/err.log/g' /etc/my.cnf sed -i 's/^pid-file=\/var\/run\/mariadb\/mariadb.pid/pid-file=\/application\/mysql\/data\/mysql.pid/g' /etc/my.cnf
等價(jià)于:
vi /etc/my.cnf datadir=/application/mysql/data socket=/tmp/mysql.sock log-error=/application/mysql/data/err.log pid-file=/application/mysql/data/mysql.pid /etc/my.cnf Content: [mysqld] datadir=/application/mysql/data socket=/tmp/mysql.sock # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used. # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group, # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd [mysqld_safe] log-error=/application/mysql/data/err.log pid-file=/application/mysql/data/mysql.pid # # include all files from the config directory # !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
拷貝啟動程序
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
將mysql的啟動程序拷貝到/etc/init.d/目錄下，以便啟動程序
編輯啟動文件，配置啟動目錄
方法一：
思路是給配置文件提供的變量進(jìn)行賦值。較麻煩。
sed -i 's/^basedir=/basedir=\/application\/mysql/g' /etc/init.d/mysql sed -i 's/^datadir=/datadir=\/application\/mysql\/data/g' /etc/init.d/mysql sed -i 's/^mysqld_pid_file_path=/mysqld_pid_file_path=\/application\/mysql\/data\/mysql.pid/g' /etc/init.d/mysql
等價(jià)于將45、46兩行
basedir= datadir= mysqld_pid_file_path=
替換成
basedir=/application/mysql datadir=/application/mysql/data mysqld_pid_file_path=/application/mysql/data/mysql.pid
方法二（推薦）：
思路是將腳本的默認(rèn)地址（/usr/local/mysql）直接替換成自定義路徑（/application/mysql），便不用給變量賦值
sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysql
到這里mysql安裝完成可以正常啟動
3.后期結(jié)尾
命令創(chuàng)建軟鏈接
將mysql命令創(chuàng)建軟鏈接到環(huán)境變量的目錄，使用戶可以在變量找到相應(yīng)的命令
ln -s /application/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/sbin
登錄mysql
[root@www mysql]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: #輸入之前保存的隨機(jī)密碼drRR0
...
mysql> #成功登陸到mysql控制臺
修改密碼sql語句
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'NewPassWord';
#將密碼修改為NewPassWord
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) #修改成功
鍵入quit或Ctrl + d退出
mysql> quit Bye [root@www mysql]# or mysql> ^DBye [root@www mysql]#
4.常用命令
進(jìn)入mysql
mysql -u root -p
啟動mysql
service mysql start
停止mysql
service mysql stop
重啟mysql
service mysql restart
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