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關(guān)于CentOS 8 搭建MongoDB4.4分片集群的問(wèn)題

發(fā)布日期:2022-01-28 14:12 | 文章來(lái)源:源碼之家

一,簡(jiǎn)介

1.分片

在MongoDB里面存在另一種集群,就是分片技術(shù),可以滿(mǎn)足MongoDB數(shù)據(jù)量大量增長(zhǎng)的需求。
在MongoDB存儲(chǔ)海量數(shù)據(jù)時(shí),一臺(tái)機(jī)器可能不足以存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),也可能不足以提供可接受的讀寫(xiě)吞吐量。這時(shí),我們就可以通過(guò)在多臺(tái)機(jī)器上分割數(shù)據(jù),使得數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)能存儲(chǔ)和處理更多的數(shù)據(jù)。

2.為什么使用分片

  • 復(fù)制所有的寫(xiě)入操作到主節(jié)點(diǎn)
  • 延遲的敏感數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)在主節(jié)點(diǎn)查詢(xún)
  • 單個(gè)副本集限制在12個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)
  • 當(dāng)請(qǐng)求量巨大時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)內(nèi)存不足
  • 本地磁盤(pán)不足
  • 垂直擴(kuò)展價(jià)格昂貴

3.分片原理概述

分片就是把數(shù)據(jù)分成塊,再把塊存儲(chǔ)到不同的服務(wù)器上,MongoDB的分片是自動(dòng)分片的,當(dāng)用戶(hù)發(fā)送讀寫(xiě)數(shù)據(jù)請(qǐng)求的時(shí)候,先經(jīng)過(guò)mongos這個(gè)路由層,mongos路由層去配置服務(wù)器請(qǐng)求分片的信息,再來(lái)判斷這個(gè)請(qǐng)求應(yīng)該去哪一臺(tái)服務(wù)器上讀寫(xiě)數(shù)據(jù)。

二,準(zhǔn)備環(huán)境

  • 操作系統(tǒng):CentOS Linux release 8.2.2004 (Core)
  • MongoDB版本:v4.4.10
  • IP:10.0.0.56 實(shí)例:mongos(30000) config(27017) shard1主節(jié)點(diǎn)(40001) shard2仲裁節(jié)點(diǎn)(40002) shard3副節(jié)點(diǎn)(40003)
  • IP:10.0.0.57 實(shí)例:mongos(30000) config(27017) shard1副節(jié)點(diǎn)(40001) shard2主節(jié)點(diǎn)(40002) shard3仲裁節(jié)點(diǎn)(40003)
  • IP:10.0.0.58 實(shí)例:mongos(30000) config(27017) shard1仲裁節(jié)點(diǎn)(40001) shard3副節(jié)點(diǎn)(40002) shard3主節(jié)點(diǎn)(40003)

三,集群配置部署

1.創(chuàng)建相應(yīng)目錄(三臺(tái)服務(wù)器執(zhí)行相同操作)

mkdir -p /mongo/{data,logs,apps,run}
mkdir -p /mongo/data/shard{1,2,3}
mkdir -p /mongo/data/config
mkdir -p /mongo/apps/conf

2.安裝MongoDB修改創(chuàng)建配置文件(三臺(tái)執(zhí)行相同操作)
安裝教程
安裝可以通過(guò)下載MongoDB安裝包,再進(jìn)行配置環(huán)境變量。這里是直接配置yum源,通過(guò)yum源安裝的MongoDB,后面直接執(zhí)行mongod加所需配置文件路徑運(yùn)行即可。

(1)mongo-config配置文件

vim /mongo/apps/conf/mongo-config.yml
systemLog:
  destination: file
#日志路徑
  path: "/mongo/logs/mongo-config.log"
  logAppend: true
storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
#數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)路徑
  dbPath: "/mongo/data/config"
  engine: wiredTiger
  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
         cacheSizeGB: 12
processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: "/mongo/run/mongo-config.pid"
net:
#這里ip可以設(shè)置為對(duì)應(yīng)主機(jī)ip
  bindIp: 0.0.0.0
#端口
  port: 27017
setParameter:
  enableLocalhostAuthBypass: true
replication:
#復(fù)制集名稱(chēng)
  replSetName: "mgconfig"
sharding:
#作為配置服務(wù)
  clusterRole: configsvr

(2)mongo-shard1配置文件

vim /mongo/apps/conf/mongo-shard1.yml
systemLog:
  destination: file
  path: "/mongo/logs/mongo-shard1.log"
  logAppend: true
storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: "/mongo/data/shard1"
processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: "/mongo/run/mongo-shard1.pid"
net:
  bindIp: 0.0.0.0
  #注意修改端口
  port: 40001
setParameter:
  enableLocalhostAuthBypass: true
replication:
  #復(fù)制集名稱(chēng)
  replSetName: "shard1"
sharding:
  #作為分片服務(wù)
  clusterRole: shardsvr

(3)mongo-shard2配置文件

vim /mongo/apps/conf/mongo-shard2.yml
systemLog:
  destination: file
  path: "/mongo/logs/mongo-shard2.log"
  logAppend: true
storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: "/mongo/data/shard2"
processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: "/mongo/run/mongo-shard2.pid"
net:
  bindIp: 0.0.0.0
  #注意修改端口
  port: 40002
setParameter:
  enableLocalhostAuthBypass: true
replication:
  #復(fù)制集名稱(chēng)
  replSetName: "shard2"
sharding:
  #作為分片服務(wù)
  clusterRole: shardsvr

(4)mongo-shard3配置文件

vim /mongo/apps/conf/mongo-shard3.yml
systemLog:
  destination: file
  path: "/mongo/logs/mongo-shard3.log"
  logAppend: true
storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: "/mongo/data/shard3"
processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: "/mongo/run/mongo-shard3.pid"
net:
  bindIp: 0.0.0.0
  #注意修改端口
  port: 40003
setParameter:
  enableLocalhostAuthBypass: true
replication:
  #復(fù)制集名稱(chēng)
  replSetName: "shard3"
sharding:
  #作為分片服務(wù)
  clusterRole: shardsvr

(5)mongo-route配置文件

vim /mongo/apps/conf/mongo-route.yml
systemLog:
  destination: file
  #注意修改路徑
  path: "/mongo/logs/mongo-route.log"
  logAppend: true
processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: "/mongo/run/mongo-route.pid"
net:
  bindIp: 0.0.0.0
  #注意修改端口
  port: 30000
setParameter:
  enableLocalhostAuthBypass: true
replication:
  localPingThresholdMs: 15
sharding:
  #關(guān)聯(lián)配置服務(wù)
  configDB: mgconfig/10.0.0.56:27017,10.0.0.57:27017,10.0.0.58:27018

3.啟動(dòng)mongo-config服務(wù)(三臺(tái)服務(wù)器執(zhí)行相同操作)

#關(guān)閉之前yum安裝的MongoDB
systemctl stop mongod
cd /mongo/apps/conf/
mongod --config mongo-config.yml
#查看端口27017是否啟動(dòng)
netstat -ntpl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1129/sshd
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1131/cupsd
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6010          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2514/sshd: root@pts
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6011          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      4384/sshd: root@pts
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:27017           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      4905/mongod
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1/systemd
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1129/sshd
tcp6       0      0 ::1:631                 :::*                    LISTEN      1131/cupsd
tcp6       0      0 ::1:6010                :::*                    LISTEN      2514/sshd: root@pts
tcp6       0      0 ::1:6011                :::*                    LISTEN      4384/sshd: root@pts
tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                    LISTEN      1/systemd

4.連接一臺(tái)實(shí)例,創(chuàng)建初始化復(fù)制集

#連接mongo
mongo 10.0.0.56:27017
#配置初始化復(fù)制集,這里的mgconfig要和配置文件里的replSet的名稱(chēng)一致
config={_id:"mgconfig",members:[ 
  {_id:0,host:"10.0.0.56:27017"},
  {_id:1,host:"10.0.0.57:27017"},
  {_id:2,host:"10.0.0.58:27017"}, 
]}
rs.initiate(config)
#ok返回1便是初始化成功
{
	"ok" : 1,
	"$gleStats" : {
		"lastOpTime" : Timestamp(1634710950, 1),
		"electionId" : ObjectId("000000000000000000000000")
	},
	"lastCommittedOpTime" : Timestamp(0, 0)
}
#檢查狀態(tài)
rs.status()
{
	"set" : "mgconfig",
	"date" : ISODate("2021-10-20T06:24:24.277Z"),
	"myState" : 1,
	"term" : NumberLong(1),
	"syncSourceHost" : "",
	"syncSourceId" : -1,
	"configsvr" : true,
	"heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000),
	"majorityVoteCou

5.配置部署shard1分片集群,啟動(dòng)shard1實(shí)例(三臺(tái)執(zhí)行同樣操作)

cd /mongo/apps/conf
mongod --config mongo-shard1.yml
#查看端口40001是否啟動(dòng)
netstat -ntpl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:40001           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      5742/mongod
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:27017           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      5443/mongod
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1/systemd
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1139/sshd
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1133/cupsd
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6010          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2490/sshd: root@pts
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6011          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      5189/sshd: root@pts
tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                    LISTEN      1/systemd
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1139/sshd
tcp6       0      0 ::1:631                 :::*                    LISTEN      1133/cupsd
tcp6       0      0 ::1:6010                :::*                    LISTEN      2490/sshd: root@pts
tcp6       0      0 ::1:6011                :::*                    LISTEN      5189/sshd: root@pts

6.連接一臺(tái)實(shí)例,創(chuàng)建復(fù)制集

#連接mongo
mongo 10.0.0.56:40001
#配置初始化復(fù)制集
config={_id:"shard1",members:[ 
  {_id:0,host:"10.0.0.56:40001",priority:2},
  {_id:1,host:"10.0.0.57:40001",priority:1},
  {_id:2,host:"10.0.0.58:40001",arbiterOnly:true}, 
]}
rs.initiate(config)
#檢查狀態(tài)
rs.status()

7.配置部署shard2分片集群,啟動(dòng)shard1實(shí)例(三臺(tái)執(zhí)行同樣操作)

cd /mongo/apps/conf
mongod --config mongo-shard2.yml
#查看端口40002是否啟動(dòng)
netstat -ntpl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:40001           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      5742/mongod
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:40002           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      5982/mongod
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:27017           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      5443/mongod
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1/systemd
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1139/sshd
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1133/cupsd
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6010          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2490/sshd: root@pts
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6011          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      5189/sshd: root@pts
tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                    LISTEN      1/systemd
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1139/sshd
tcp6       0      0 ::1:631                 :::*                    LISTEN      1133/cupsd
tcp6       0      0 ::1:6010                :::*                    LISTEN      2490/sshd: root@pts
tcp6       0      0 ::1:6011                :::*                    LISTEN      5189/sshd: root@pts

8.連接第二個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)創(chuàng)建復(fù)制集
因?yàn)槲覀円?guī)劃的shard2的主節(jié)點(diǎn)是10.0.0.57:40002,仲裁節(jié)點(diǎn)不能寫(xiě)數(shù)據(jù),所以要連接10.0.0.57主機(jī)

#連接mongo
mongo 10.0.0.57:40002
#創(chuàng)建初始化復(fù)制集
config={_id:"shard2",members:[
  {_id:0,host:"10.0.0.56:40002",arbiterOnly:true}, 
  {_id:1,host:"10.0.0.57:40002",priority:2}, 
  {_id:2,host:"10.0.0.58:40002",priority:1}, 
]}
rs.initiate(config)
#查看狀態(tài)
rs.status()

9.配置部署shard3分片集群,啟動(dòng)shard3實(shí)例(三臺(tái)執(zhí)行同樣操作)

cd /mongo/apps/conf/
mongod --config mongo-shard3.yml
##查看端口40003是否啟動(dòng)
netstat -ntpl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:40001           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      5742/mongod
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:40002           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      5982/mongod
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:40003           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      6454/mongod
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:27017           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      5443/mongod
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1/systemd
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1139/sshd
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1133/cupsd
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6010          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2490/sshd: root@pts
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6011          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      5189/sshd: root@pts
tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                    LISTEN      1/systemd
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1139/sshd
tcp6       0      0 ::1:631                 :::*                    LISTEN      1133/cupsd
tcp6       0      0 ::1:6010                :::*                    LISTEN      2490/sshd: root@pts
tcp6       0      0 ::1:6011                :::*                    LISTEN      5189/sshd: root@pts

10.連接第三個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)(10.0.0.58:40003)創(chuàng)建復(fù)制集

#連接mongo
mongo 10.0.0.58:40003
#創(chuàng)建初始化復(fù)制集
config={_id:"shard3",members:[ 
  {_id:0,host:"10.0.0.56:40003",priority:1}, 
  {_id:1,host:"10.0.0.57:40003",arbiterOnly:true}, 
  {_id:2,host:"10.0.0.58:40003",priority:2}, 
]}
rs.initiate(config)
#查看狀態(tài)
rs.status()

11.配置部署路由節(jié)點(diǎn)

#路由節(jié)點(diǎn)啟動(dòng)登錄用mongos
mongos --config mongo-route.yml
#連接添加分片到集群中
mongo 10.0.0.56:30000
sh.addShard("shard1/10.0.0.56:40001,10.0.0.57:40001,10.0.0.58:40001")
sh.addShard("shard2/10.0.0.56:40002,10.0.0.57:40002,10.0.0.58:40002")
sh.addShard("shard3/10.0.0.56:40003,10.0.0.57:40003,10.0.0.58:40003")
#查看分片狀態(tài)
sh.status()

四,測(cè)試服務(wù)器分片功能

#查看所有庫(kù)
mongos> show dbs
admin   0.000GB
config  0.003GB
#進(jìn)入config
use config
#這里默認(rèn)的chunk大小是64M,db.settings.find()可以看到這個(gè)值,這里為了測(cè)試看的清楚,把chunk調(diào)整為1M
db.settings.save({"_id":"chunksize","value":1})

模擬寫(xiě)入數(shù)據(jù)

#在tydb庫(kù)的tyuser表中循環(huán)寫(xiě)入6萬(wàn)條數(shù)據(jù)
mongos> use tydb
mongos> show tables
mongos> for(i=1;i<=60000;i++){db.tyuser.insert({"id":i,"name":"ty"+i})}

啟用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)分片

mongos> sh.enableSharding("tydb")
#ok返回1
{
	"ok" : 1,
	"operationTime" : Timestamp(1634716737, 2),
	"$clusterTime" : {
		"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1634716737, 2),
		"signature" : {
			"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
			"keyId" : NumberLong(0)
		}
	}
}

啟用表分片

mongos> sh.shardCollection(”tydb.tyuser",{"id":1})

查看分片情況

mongos> sh.status()

查看開(kāi)啟關(guān)閉平衡器

#開(kāi)啟
mongos> sh.startBalancer() #或者sh.startBalancer(true)
#關(guān)閉
mongos> sh.stopBalancer() #或者sh.stopBalancer(false)
#查看是否關(guān)閉
mongos> sh.getBalancerState() #返回flase表示關(guān)閉

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